When the electrical signals start at the sinoatrial node – a specialised group of cells in the right atrium that act as pacemakers, they move from the right to the left atrium. They then move through the atrioventricular node to the bundle of His to the bundle branches. Bundle branches carry electrical signals to the left and right sides of the ventricles (lower heart chambers). The electrical signals along the right and left bundle branches cause the right and left ventricle contract. However, in a few instances, such signals fail to propagate to the entire ventricle. It can happen when a blockade occurs at any point along the left or right bundle branch. We call this a bundle branch block.
A bundle branch block (BBB) is a delay of transmission of the electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles.
The signals get blocked after passing through the bundle of His. The blockade can occur either in the right or left bundle branches. The delay in electrical transmission across the ventricles implies that they will contract later following atrial contraction. It is noteworthy that we cannot prevent bundle branch blocks from happening.
We cannot delineate a cause in about 50% of patients with bundle branch block. However, any damage to the heart muscle can cause it. Such damage may emanate from myocardial infarction, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, or rheumatic fever. Still, the defect that predisposes you to a bundle branch block may have been present at birth.
Structural heart diseases are preventable, for the most part.
It’s noteworthy that most patients with bundle branch block report no symptoms. However, the symptomatic may complain of dizziness, chest pain, fainting, or clinical features of stroke.
BBB is diagnosed with electrocardiography.
In the absence of symptoms, people with BBB without heart disease require no treatment. They can exercise as tolerated and ensure a healthy lifestyle. In the presence of symptoms, a pacemaker can be a viable solution.
When you have a bundle branch block, you should avoid magnetic or ultrasonic forces. Do not fly any aircraft unless the laws in your region allow you to do so. Take medicines as prescribed.
Eat a low-fat and low-cholesterol diet. Stop smoking and exercise regularly. If you develop dizziness, chest pain, or faintness, call your doctor immediately. Do not ignore any worsening symptoms.
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